Why Gastrointestinal Infections Rise During Summer and Monsoon

Dr. Pradeepta Kumar Sethy, Director, Gastroenterology, Manipal Hospital, EM Bypass & Mukundupur 

Gastrointestinal infections are illnesses that affect the stomach and intestines. They are usually caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. These infections commonly result in symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, stomach cramps, fever and weakness. 

One of the main reasons for the rise in gastrointestinal infections during summer and monsoon is the change in weather conditions. During the hot summer months, high temperatures make it easier for harmful bacteria and viruses to grow rapidly in food and water. When food is left in the open or not stored properly, microbes multiply quickly. Drinking water stored in uncovered containers or that is left standing for long periods can also become contaminated. Consumption of such food and water increases the risk of infections.

Monsoon rains bring a different challenge. Heavy rainfall often leads to flooding and waterlogging in both rural and urban areas. This can contaminate drinking water sources with sewage and waste. When groundwater and open wells mix with surface water, the risk of bacteria and viruses entering the water supply increases. People who drink or use this water for cooking are more likely to get infections. Additionally, stagnant water becomes a breeding ground for flies and mosquitoes. Flies can carry germs from contaminated places to food, increasing the chances of spread.

Hygiene practices also play a role. In warmer weather, people tend to drink more water and eat more fresh fruits and snacks from street vendors. If these foods are not washed properly or are handled with unclean hands, they can carry germs. During monsoon, the damp environment supports the survival of microbes on hands and surfaces. In both seasons, poor hand hygiene after using the toilet or before eating can increase the risk of infection.

To prevent gastrointestinal infections during summer and monsoon, safe water and food practices are essential. Drinking water should be boiled, filtered or treated with safe disinfectants. Fruits and vegetables must be washed with clean water. Food should be cooked thoroughly and stored in clean, covered containers. Handwashing with soap and water should be practiced regularly, especially before eating and after using the toilet.

If someone develops symptoms of gastrointestinal infection, early medical advice is important. Drinking plenty of safe fluids helps prevent dehydration. In some cases, doctors may recommend oral rehydration solutions to replace lost minerals and water. Avoiding unsafe food and water, improving hygiene and taking quick action at the first sign of illness can reduce the burden of gastrointestinal infections during summer and monsoon seasons.